SpaceLauncher

With SpaceLauncher for macOS, you can launch or switch to an app by pressing a pre-defined key while holding down spacebar. Space Launcher is a arcade game first released by Nintendo in 1979. While it's hardly remembered today, it was one of Nintendo's first original titles. Previously, many of their games were clones of games such as Space Invaders and Breakout, but Space Launcher was a unique concept, and would even go on to be imitated in Frogger.

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A regularly updated listing of planned orbital missions from spaceports around the globe. Dates and times are given in Greenwich Mean Time. “NET” stands for no earlier than. “TBD” means to be determined. Recent updates appear in red type. Please send any corrections, additions or updates by e-mail to: sclark@spaceflightnow.com.

See our Launch Log for a listing of completed space missions since 2004.

Latest changes:

April 15: Adding time for Soyuz/OneWeb 6; Adding period for Delta 4-Heavy/NROL-82; Adding Falcon 9/Starlink V1.0-L24; Adding month for Long March 7/Tianzhou 2; Adding month for Long March 2F/Shenzhou 12; Adding date and period for Falcon 9/GPS 3 SV05; Falcon 9/Turksat 5B delayed; Adding date for Atlas 5/STP-3
April 12: GSLV Mk.2/GISAT 1 delayed; Adding date for Falcon 9/Crew-3; Adding Falcon 9/SpaceX CRS 24
March 31: Vega/Pléiades Neo 3 delayed; Adding date for Falcon 9/SpaceX CRS 22; Ariane 5/Star One D2 & Eutelsat Quantum delayed; Falcon 9/Transporter 2 delayed; Adding Vega/Pléiades Neo 4; Adding Proton/Nauka; SSLV/Demonstration Launch delayed; SSLV/BlackSky Global delayed; Adding timeframe for Atlas 5/CST-100 Starliner Orbital Flight Test 2; Antares/NG-16 delayed; Soyuz/Progress 79P delayed; Adding Ariane 5/SES 17 & Ovzon 3; Adding Falcon 9/Inspiration4; Falcon 9/Crew 3 delayed; Soyuz 65S delayed; Adding Falcon 9/SpaceX CRS 24; Adding Vulcan Centaur/Peregrine
March 26: GSLV Mk.2/GISAT 1 delayed; Adding Falcon 9/Starlink V1.0-L23; SSLV/Demonstration Launch delayed; Adding Soyuz/OneWeb 6; Adding date for Delta 4-Heavy/NROL-82; Adding date for Long March 5B/Tianhe 1; Adding date for Atlas 5/SBIRS GEO 5; Adding Soyuz/OneWeb 7; Adding month for Atlas 5/STP-3; Adding Soyuz/OneWeb 8; Atlas 5/CST-100 Starliner Orbital Flight Test 2 delayed
March 23: Updating time for Falcon 9/Starlink V1.0-L22

Launch time: 1011 GMT (6:11 a.m. EDT)
Launch site: LC-39A, Kennedy Space Center, Florida

A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket will launch a Crew Dragon spacecraft on its second operational flight with astronauts on-board to the International Space Station. NASA astronauts Shane Kimbrough, Megan McArthur, Japanese astronaut Akihiko Hoshide, and European Space Agency astronaut Thomas Pesquet will launch on the Crew Dragon spacecraft. The Crew Dragon will return to a splashdown at sea. Delayed from March 30 and April 20. [March 5]

Launch time: 2214 GMT (6:14 p.m. EDT)
Launch site: Vostochny Cosmodrome, Russia

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A Russian Soyuz rocket will launch 36 satellites into orbit for OneWeb, which is developing a constellation of hundreds of satellites in low Earth orbit for low-latency broadband communications. The Soyuz-2.1b rocket will use a Fregat upper stage. [April 15]

Launch period: 1939-2257 GMT (12:39-3:57 p.m. PDT; 3:39-6:57 p.m. EDT)
Launch site: SLC-6, Vandenberg Air Force Base, California

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A United Launch Alliance Delta 4-Heavy rocket will launch a classified spy satellite cargo for the U.S. National Reconnaissance Office. The largest of the Delta 4 family, the Heavy version features three Common Booster Cores mounted together to form a triple-body rocket. Delayed from September. [April 15]

Launch time: 0150 GMT on 28th (9:50 p.m. EDT on 27th)
Launch site: ZLV, Kourou, French Guiana

An Arianespace Vega rocket, designated VV18, will launch the Pléiades Neo 3 Earth observation satellite for Airbus. Pléiades Neo 3 is the first of four Pléiades Neo high-resolution Earth observation satellites built, owned, and operated by Airbus. The Vega rocket will also launch multiple rideshare payloads. Delayed from February after VV17 launch failure. Delayed from late March and April 20. [April 15]

Launch time: 0405 GMT (12:05 a.m. EDT)
Launch site: SLC-40, Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, Florida

A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket will launch the 25th batch of approximately 60 satellites for SpaceX’s Starlink broadband network, a mission designated Starlink V1.0-L24. [April 15]

Launch time: TBD
Launch site: Wenchang, China

A Chinese Long March 5B will launch Tianhe 1, the core module for a Chinese space station low Earth orbit. [March 26]

Launch time: TBD
Launch site: Satish Dhawan Space Center, Sriharikota, India

India’s Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mk. 2 (GSLV Mk.2), designated GSLV-F10, will launch India’s first GEO Imaging Satellite, or GISAT 1. The GISAT 1 spacecraft will provide continuous remote sensing observations over the Indian subcontinent from geostationary orbit more than 22,000 miles (nearly 36,000 kilometers) above Earth. Delayed from Jan. 15, February and March 5, 2020. Delayed from March 28 and April 18. [April 12]

Launch time: TBD
Launch site: Launch Complex 2, Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport, Wallops Island, Virginia

A Rocket Lab Electron rocket will launch on its first mission from a new launch pad at the Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport at Wallops Island, Virginia. The launch customer is the U.S. Air Force, and the mission will launch an experimental mission for the Space Test Program called Monolith with a space weather instrument. The Monolith mission will demonstrate the ability of a small satellite to support large aperture payloads. Delayed from 2nd Quarter of 2019. Delayed from August 2020 and September 2020. Delayed from 4th Quarter of 2020. [Nov. 27]

Launch time: TBD
Launch site: Wenchang, China

A Chinese Long March 7 will launch the Tianzhou 2 resupply ship to dock with the Chinese space station. The automated cargo craft will be the first resupply freighter for the Chinese space station. [April 15]

Launch time: TBD
Launch site: SLC-41, Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, Florida

A United Launch Alliance Atlas 5 rocket will launch the U.S. Space Force’s fifth Space Based Infrared System Geosynchronous satellite, or SBIRS GEO 5, for missile early-warning detection. The rocket will fly in the 421 vehicle configuration with a four-meter fairing, two solid rocket boosters, and a single-engine Centaur upper stage. [March 26]

Launch time: TBD
Launch site: Vostochny Cosmodrome, Russia

Launch time: 0425 GMT (12:25 a.m. EDT)
Launch site: SLC-40, Cape Canaveral, Florida

A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket will launch the SXM 8 satellite for SiriusXM. The satellite will replenish SiriusXM’s fleet providing satellite radio programming to consumers across North America. SXM 8 was built by Maxar Technologies, and features a large unfurlable S-band reflector to broadcast radio signals to users on the ground. [March 31]

Launch time: TBD
Launch site: LC-39A, Kennedy Space Center, Florida

A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket will launch a Dragon 2 spacecraft on its second cargo resupply mission to the International Space Station. The flight is the 22nd mission by SpaceX conducted under a Commercial Resupply Services contract with NASA. Delayed from March and May 20. [March 31]

Launch time: TBD
Launch site: Jiuquan, China

A Chinese Long March 2F rocket will launch the Shenzhou 12 spacecraft with multiple Chinese astronauts to rendezvous and dock with the Chinese space station in low Earth orbit. This will be China’s seventh crewed space mission, and the first to the Chinese space station. [April 15]

Launch period: 2200-0100 GMT on 17th/18th (6:00-9:00 p.m. EDT on 17th)
Launch site: SLC-40, Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, Florida

A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket will the U.S. Space Force’s fifth third-generation navigation satellite for the Global Positioning System. The satellite was built by Lockheed Martin. [April 15]

Launch time: TBD
Launch site: SLC-41, Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, Florida

A United Launch Alliance Atlas 5 rocket will launch the STP-3 mission for the U.S. Space Force. The STP-3 rideshare mission will launch the STPSat 6 satellite and several small satellites. STPSat 6 hosts several payloads and experiments, including the National Nuclear Security Administration’s Space and Atmospheric Burst Reporting System-3 (SABRS-3) payload, and NASA’s Laser Communications Relay Demonstration (LCRD) experiment. The rocket will fly in the 551 vehicle configuration with a five-meter fairing, five solid rocket boosters, and a single-engine Centaur upper stage. Delayed from Feb. 26. [April 15]

Launch window: TBD
Launch site: Pad 0B, Wallops Island, Virginia

A U.S. Air Force and Northrop Grumman Minotaur 1 rocket will launch a classified spy satellite cargo for the U.S. National Reconnaissance Office. Delayed from December 2018, 2nd Quarter 2019, late 2019, and March 2021. [Feb. 23]

Launch time: TBD
Launch site: Vostochny Cosmodrome, Russia

Launch time: TBD
Launch site: ZLV, Kourou, French Guiana

An Arianespace Vega rocket, designated VV19, will launch the Pléiades Neo 4 Earth observation satellite for Airbus. Pléiades Neo 4 is the second of four Pléiades Neo high-resolution Earth observation satellites built, owned, and operated by Airbus. The Vega rocket will also launch multiple rideshare payloads. Delayed from February after VV17 launch failure. [March 31]

Launch time: TBD
Launch site: Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan

A Russian government Soyuz rocket will launch the 78th Progress cargo delivery ship to the International Space Station. The rocket will fly in the Soyuz-2.1a configuration. Delayed from March 19. [March 9]

Launch time: TBD
Launch site: SLC-40, Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, Florida

A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket will launch the Transporter 2 mission, a rideshare flight to a sun-synchronous orbit with numerous small microsatellites and nanosatellites for commercial and government customers. [March 31]

Launch time: TBD
Launch site: Satish Dhawan Space Center, Sriharikota, India

India’s Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), designated PSLV-C52, will launch the Indian RISAT 1A radar Earth observation satellite. [March 12]

Launch window: TBD
Launch site: ELA-3, Kourou, French Guiana

Arianespace will use an Ariane 5 ECA rocket, designated VA254, to launch the Star One D2 and Eutelsat Quantum communications satellites. Owned by the Brazilian operator Embratel Star One, the Star One D2 was built by Maxar and will deliver telecommunications, direct-to-home television services, and fast broadband to customers in South America, Mexico, Central America, and parts of the Atlantic Ocean. The Eutelsat Quantum satellite was built by SSTL and Airbus Defense and Space under the auspices of a public-private research and development project between the European Space Agency, Eutelsat and Airbus. Designed for coverage over the Middle East and North Africa, the software-defined satellite can be reprogrammed for new communications missions in orbit. Delayed from January, February, March 4, and May. [March 31]

Launch time: TBD
Launch site: Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan

A Russian government Proton rocket will launch the Nauka laboratory module to the International Space Station. The Nauka module, or the Multipurpose Laboratory Module, will also carry the European Robotic Arm to the space station. [March 31]

Launch time: TBD
Launch site: LC-39A, Kennedy Space Center, Florida

A SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket will launch the USSF 44 mission for the U.S. Space Force. The mission is expected to deploy two spacecraft payloads directly into geosynchronous orbit, one of which is the military’s TETRA 1 microsatellite. Delayed from late 2020 and 2nd quarter of 2021. [Feb. 23]

NET Late JulyAtlas 5 • CST-100 Starliner Orbital Flight Test 2

Launch time: TBD
Launch site: SLC-41, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida

A United Launch Alliance Atlas 5 rocket, designated AV-082, will launch Boeing’s CST-100 Starliner spacecraft on second unpiloted test flight to the International Space Station. This mission was added after Boeing’s decision to refly the Starliner’s Orbital Flight Test before proceeding with the Crew Flight Test. The rocket will fly in a vehicle configuration with two solid rocket boosters and a dual-engine Centaur upper stage. Delayed from 3rd Quarter. Delayed from Jan. 4. Moved forward from March 29, April 2 and May. [March 31]

Launch time: TBD
Launch site: ZLV, Kourou, French Guiana

An Arianespace Vega C rocket will launch the LARES 2 satellite for ASI, the Italian space agency. The spherical LARES 2 satellite is covered in laser mirrors to enable precise tracking from the ground, enabling research into geoodynamics and general relativity. This will mark the inaugural flight of Europe’s new Vega C rocket, featuring a more powerful first stage motor, an enlarged second stage, an improved liquid-fueled upper stage, and a new payload fairing design. Delayed from mid-2020 by coronavirus impacts. Delayed from December and early 2021. [Nov. 9]

Launch time: TBD
Launch site: Pad 0A, Wallops Island, Virginia

A Northrop Grumman Antares rocket will launch the 17th Cygnus cargo freighter on the 16th operational cargo delivery flight to the International Space Station. The mission is known as NG-16. The rocket will fly in the Antares 230+ configuration, with two RD-181 first stage engines and a Castor 30XL second stage. Delayed from July. [March 31]

Launch time: TBD
Launch site: SLC-41, Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, Florida

A United Launch Alliance Atlas 5 rocket will launch the USSF 8 mission with the fifth and sixth satellites for the Space Force’s Geosynchronous Space Situational Awareness Program, or GSSAP, designed to help the military track and observe objects in geosynchronous orbit. The rocket will fly in the 511 vehicle configuration with a five-meter fairing, one solid rocket booster and a single-engine Centaur upper stage. Delayed from 4th Quarter of 2020 and March. [Feb. 16]

Launch time: TBD
Launch site: LC-39A, Kennedy Space Center, Florida

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A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket will launch a Dragon 2 spacecraft on its third cargo resupply mission to the International Space Station. The flight is the 23rd mission by SpaceX conducted under a Commercial Resupply Services contract with NASA. [Feb. 23]

Launch window: TBD
Launch site: ELA-3, Kourou, French Guiana

Arianespace will use an Ariane 5 ECA rocket, designated VA255, to launch the SES 17 and Ovzon 3 communications satellites. Built by Thales Alenia Space, SES 17 is a Ka-band high-throughput geostationary communications satellite designed to provide mobile internet services to airline passengers over the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean for SES of Luxembourg. The Ovzon 3 spacecraft, built by Maxar and owned by the Swedish company Ovzon AB, is a small geostationary communications satellite designed for mobile broadband services. [March 31]

Launch time: TBD
Launch site: ELS, Sinnamary, French Guiana

An Arianespace Soyuz rocket will launch on a mission from the Guiana Space Center in South America. The Soyuz will carry two Galileo full operational capability satellites for Europe’s Galileo navigation constellation. The Soyuz-2.1b (Soyuz ST-B) rocket will use a Fregat upper stage. Delayed from mid-2021. [Feb. 23]

SeptemberAtlas 5 • CST-100 Starliner Crew Flight Test

Launch window: TBD
Launch site: SLC-41, Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, Florida

A United Launch Alliance Atlas 5 rocket will launch Boeing’s CST-100 Starliner spacecraft on its first mission with astronauts, known as the Crew Test Flight, to the International Space Station. The capsule will dock with the space station, then return to Earth to landing in the Western United States. NASA astronauts Butch Wilmore, Mike Fincke and Nicole Mann will fly on the Crew Flight Test. The rocket will fly in a vehicle configuration with two solid rocket boosters and a dual-engine Centaur upper stage. Delayed from August and 1st Quarter of 2020. Delayed from mid-2020 after Boeing decision to refly the Orbital Flight Test. Delayed from early 2021 and June 2021. [Feb. 23]

Launch time: TBD
Launch site: LC-39A, Kennedy Space Center, Florida

A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket will launch a Crew Dragon spacecraft on the first all-private, all-civilian orbital mission, known as Inspiration4. The mission is organized to raise money for St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital. The mission is commanded by billionaire Jared Isaacman, who will be joined by scientist and educator Sian Proctor, medical officer Hayley Arceneaux, and mission specialist Christopher Sembroski. [March 31]

Launch time: TBD
Launch site: SLC-4E, Vandenberg Air Force Base, California

A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket will launch the first two WorldView Legion Earth observation satellites for Maxar Technologies. Maxar plans to deploy six commercial WorldView Legion high-resolution remote sensing satellites into a mix of sun-synchronous and mid-inclination orbits on two SpaceX Falcon 9 rockets. Delayed from January. [Nov. 27]

Launch time: TBD
Launch site: Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan

A Russian government Soyuz rocket will launch the crewed Soyuz MS-19 spacecraft to the International Space Station with members of the next Expedition crew. The capsule will remain at the station for about six months, providing an escape pod for the residents. The rocket will fly in the Soyuz-2.1a configuration. Delayed from Sept. 22. [March 31]

Launch time: TBD
Launch site: LC-39A, Kennedy Space Center, Florida

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A SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket will launch the USSF 52 mission for the U.S. Space Force. The mission will launch an unspecified military payload on this mission. [Feb. 23]

Launch time: 0935 GMT (5:35 a.m. EDT)
Launch site: SLC-41, Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, Florida

A United Launch Alliance Atlas 5 rocket will launch NASA’s Lucy spacecraft. Built by Lockheed Martin and led by the Southwest Research Institute, Lucy will fly by seven Trojan asteroids, a unique family of asteroids that orbit the sun in front of and behind Jupiter. The rocket will fly in the 401 vehicle configuration with a four-meter fairing, no solid rocket boosters, and a single-engine Centaur upper stage. [Feb. 23]

Launch time: TBD
Launch site: LC-39A, Kennedy Space Center, Florida

A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket will launch a Crew Dragon spacecraft on its third operational flight with astronauts on-board to the International Space Station. NASA astronauts Raja Chari and Thomas Marshburn, and European Space Agency astronaut Matthias Maurer will launch on the Crew Dragon spacecraft. A fourth crew member will be assigned at a later date. The Crew Dragon will return to a splashdown at sea. Delayed from Sept. 13. [April 12]

Launch time: TBD
Launch site: Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan

A Russian government Soyuz rocket will launch the 79th Progress cargo delivery ship to the International Space Station. The rocket will fly in the Soyuz-2.1a configuration. Delayed from Aug. 21. [March 31]

Launch window: TBD
Launch site: ELA-3, Kourou, French Guiana

Arianespace used an Ariane 5 ECA rocket, designated VA256, to launch the James Webb Space Telescope, a flagship observatory developed by NASA, the European Space Agency, and the Canadian Space Agency. JWST is the largest space telescope ever built, with a deployable mirror measuring 21.3 feet (6.5 meters) in diameter and four scientific instruments to observe the universe in infrared wavelengths. The mission will study the formation of galaxies, stars, and planets. The Ariane 5 ECA rocket will launch JWST on a trajectory toward its operating position at the L2 Lagrange point nearly a million miles (1.5 million kilometers) from Earth. [Feb. 23]

Launch window: TBD
Launch site: Cape Canaveral, Florida

A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket will launch the Turksat 5B communications satellite for Turksat, a Turkish satellite operator. Built by Airbus Defense and Space with significant Turkish contributions, the Turksat 5B satellite will provide broadband services over a wide coverage area, including Turkey, the Middle East and large regions of Africa. Delayed from June. [April 15]

Launch time: TBD
Launch site: LC-39A, Kennedy Space Center, Florida

A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket will launch the NASA’s Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer. IXPE exploits the polarization state of light from astrophysical sources to provide insight into our understanding of X-ray production in objects such as neutron stars and pulsar wind nebulae, as well as stellar and supermassive black holes. [Feb. 23]

Launch time: TBD
Launch site: SLC-4E, Vandenberg Air Force Base, California

A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket will launch NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test, or DART, mission. DART is NASA’s first flight demonstration for planetary defense. The mission seeks to test and validate a method to protect Earth in case of an asteroid impact threat. The mission aims to shift an asteroid’s orbit through kinetic impact — specifically, by impacting a spacecraft into the smaller member of the binary asteroid system Didymos to change its orbital speed. Delayed from July. [Feb. 23]

Launch time: TBD
Launch site: LC-39A, Kennedy Space Center, Florida

A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket will launch a Dragon 2 spacecraft on its fourth cargo resupply mission to the International Space Station. The flight is the 24th mission by SpaceX conducted under a Commercial Resupply Services contract with NASA. [April 12]

Launch time: 2140 GMT (4:40 p.m. EST)
Launch site: SLC-41, Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, Florida

A United Launch Alliance Atlas 5 rocket will launch GOES-T, the third next-generation geostationary weather satellite for NASA and NOAA. GOES-T will orbit 22,300 miles above the equator to monitor weather conditions across the United States. The rocket will fly in the 541 vehicle configuration with a five-meter fairing, four solid rocket boosters and a single-engine Centaur upper stage. [Feb. 23]

Launch time: TBD
Launch site: LC-39A, Kennedy Space Center, Florida

Launch time: TBD
Launch site: Satish Dhawan Space Center, Sriharikota, India

India’s Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV) will launch on its first orbital test flight. Consisting of three solid-fueled stages and a liquid-fueled upper stage, the SSLV is a new Indian launch vehicle designed to carry small satellites into low Earth orbit. Delayed from September and December 2019. Delayed from January and December 2020. Delayed from April. [March 31]

Launch window: TBD
Launch site: SLC-41, Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, Florida

A United Launch Alliance Vulcan Centaur rocket will launch on its inaugural flight with the Peregrine commercial lunar lander for Astrobotic. The Peregrine robotic lander will carry multiple experiments, scientific instruments, and tech demo payloads for NASA and other customers. The Vulcan Centaur rocket will fly in the VC2S configuration with two GEM-63XL solid rocket boosters, a short-length payload fairing, and two RL10 engines on the Centaur upper stage. [Feb. 23]

Launch time: TBD
Launch site: Satish Dhawan Space Center, Sriharikota, India

India’s Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV) will launch on its first commercial mission with four Earth observation satellites for BlackSky Global, a Seattle-based company. The rideshare mission for BlackSky is being arranged by Spaceflight. Delayed from November, late 2019 and early 2020. Delayed from early 2021 and July. [March 31]

Abbreviations / Glossary
Aerozine 50: 50% UDMH, 50% Hydrazine CEO: Close Earth Orbit CO: Circular Orbit GO: Geostationary Orbit GTO: Geostationary Transfer Orbit HTP: High Test Peroxide Hydyne: 60% UDMH, 40% Diethylene-Triamine IRFNA: Inhibited Red Fuming Nitric Acid IWFNA: Inhibited White Fuming Nitric Acid LEO: Low Earth Orbit	LH2: Liquid Hydrogen LO2: Liquid Oxygen MMH: Monomethyl Hydrazine N2O4: Nitrogen Tetroxide PO: Polar Orbit RJ-1: Hydrocarbon fuel (kerosene) RP-1: Hydrocarbon fuel (kerosene) SSO: Sun-Synchronous Orbit SSPO: Sun-Synchronous Polar Orbit UDMH: Unsymmetrical Dimethyl Hydrazine

NAME	MASS lb (kg)	S	PROPELLANT	THRUST lb (kg)	REMARKS
CHINA
Long March-1D (CZ-1D)	176,000 (80,000)	1 2 3	Nitric Acid/UDMH N2O4/UDMH Solid	410,000 (125,000) 66,000 (30,000) 4,400 (2,000)	CZ-1 was the original Chinese launch vehicle used in 1970-71. CZ-1D can orbit 1,650 lb (750 kg) to 57 deg 186 miles (300 km).
Long March-2C (CZ-2C) 1975	421,000 (191,000)	1 2	N2O4/UDMH N2O4/UDMH	697,000 (316,000) 171,300 (77,700)	Derived from DF-5 ICBM; CZ-2A used only once. Can place 4,850 lb (2,200 kg) into 63 deg 124 miles (200 km) orbit.
Long March-2D (CZ-2D) 1992	467,000 (212,000)	1 2	N2O4/UDMH N2O4/UDMH	697,000 (316,000) 171,300 (77,700)	Up-rated CZ-2C under study but status unclear; compatible with US PAM-D upper stage. 8,600 lb (3,900 kg) to 28.5 deg 124 miles (200 km) orbit.
Long March-2E (CZ-2E) 1990	1,019,000 (463,000)	1 2	N2O4/UDMH N2O4/UDMH	1,422,000 (644,800) 171,300 (77,700)	Up-rated CZ-2C compatible with US shuttle upper stages for GO missions. 17,600 lb (8,000 kg) to 28.5 deg 124 miles (200 km).
Long March-3 (CZ-3) 1984	445,000 (202,000)	1 2 3	N2O4/UDMH N2O4/UDMH LO2/LH2	695,800 (315,600) 171,300 (77,700) 10,000 (4,500)	CZ-2C with high energy third stage. 3,100 lb (1,400 kg) to 31 deg 124-22,245 miles (200-35,800 km).
Long March-3A (CZ-3A) 1994	529,000 (240,000)	1 2 3	N2O4/UDMH N2O4/UDMH LO2/LH2	695,800 (315,600) 171,300 (77,700) 18,000 (8,000)	Improved CZ-3 vehicle under development. 5,500 lb (2,500 kg) to 28.5 deg 124-22,245 miles (200-35,800 km).
Long March-4A (CZ-4A) 1988	549,000 (249,000)	1 2 3	N2O4/UDMH N2O4/UDMH N2O4/UDMH	695,800 (315,600) 171,300 (77,700) 66,000 (30,000)	CZ-2C and possible CZ-1 technology combined for a vehicle specifically for SSO launches. 8,800 lb (4,000 kg) to 97.8 deg 124 miles (200km); 2,450 lb (1,150 kg) to 97.8 deg 620 miles (1,000 km).
EUROPE
Ariane 1 1979	458,640 (208,000)	1 2 3	N2O4/UDMH N2O4/UDMH LO2/LH2	540,225 (245,000) 154,350 (70,000) 13,230 (6,000)	Derived from Diamant technology. Launched CAT etc. Payload into GTO 3,748 lb (1,700 kg).
Ariane 2 1986	474,000 (215,000)	1 2 3	N2O4/UDMH N2O4/UDMH LO2/LH2	588,955 (267,100) 173,090 (78,500) 13,230 (6,000)	Derived from Ariane 1. Combustion pressure raised. Payload into GTO 4,410 lb (2,000 kg).
Ariane 3 1984	516,000 (234,000)	0 1 2 3	Solid N2O4/UDMH N2O4/UDMH LO2/LH2	317,500 (144,000) 588,955 (267,100) 173,090 (78,500) 13,230 (6,000)	Derived from Ariane 2. Two strap-on boosters added to 1st stage. Payload into GTO 5,182 lb (2,350 kg).
Ariane 4 (40) 1990	535,700 (243,000)	1 2 3	N2O4/UH25 N2O4/UH25 LO2/LH2	674,600 (306,000) 179,450 (81,400) 14,100 (6,400)	Ariane 4 is a modular vehicle, the 40 version being the basic vehicle. 4,200 lb (1,900 kg) to GTO, 5,950 lb (2,700 kg) to SSO and 10,500 lb (4,600 kg) to LEO.
Ariane 4 (42P) 1990	705,700 (320,000)	0 1 2 3	Solid N2O4/UH25 N2O4/UH25 LO2/LH2	292,300 (132,600) 674,600 (306,000) 179,450 (81,400) 14,100 (6,400)	5,700 lb (2,600 kg) to GTO, 7,500 lb (3,400 kg) to SSO, 13,200 lb (6,000 kg) to LEO.
Ariane 4 (44P) 1991	783,000 (355,000)	0 1 2 3	Solid N2O4/UH25 N2O4/UH25 LO2/LH2	584,700 (265,200) 674,600 (306,000) 179,450 (81,400) 14,100 (6,400)	6,600 lb (3,000 kg) to GTO, 9,000 lb (4,100 kg) to SSO, 14,300 lb (6,500 kg) to LEO.
Ariane 4 (42L) 1993	800,000 (363,000)	1 0 2 3	N2O4/UH25 N2O4/UH25 N2O4/UH25 LO2/LH2	336,900 (152,800) 674,600 (306,000) 179,450 (81,400) 14,100 (6,400)	7,100 lb (3,200 kg) to GTO, 9,900 lb (4,500 kg) to SSO, 15,400 lb (7,000 kg) to LEO.
Ariane 4 (44LP) 1988	930,000 (420,000)	0 1 2 3	N2O4/UH25 Solid N2O4/UH25 N2O4/UH25 LO2/LH2	336,900 (152,800) 292,300 (132,600) 674,600 (306,000) 179,450 (81,400) 14,100 (6,400)	8,200 lb (3,700 kg) to GTO, 11,000 lb (5,000 kg) to SSO, 15,400 lb (7,000 kg) to LEO.
Ariane 4 (44L) 1989	1,065,000 (483,000)	0 1 2 3	N2O4.UH25 N2O4/UH25 N2O4/UH25 LO2/LH2	674,000 (305,600) 674,600 (306,000) 179,450 (81,400) 14,100 (6,400)	9,300 lb (4,200 kg) to GTO, 13,200 lb (6,000 kg) to SSO, 15,400 lb (7,000 kg) to LEO. Launched Superbird A and DFS Kopernikus 1 on 5-Jun-89.
Ariane 5 1996	1,583,000 (718,000)	0 1 2	Solid N2O4/MMH LO2/LH2	2,954,000 (1,340,000) 229,000 (104,000) 4,400 (2,000)	40,000 lb (18,000 kg) to 28.5 deg 310 miles (500 km), 15,000 lb (6,800 kg) to GTO. All data for this vehicle are provisional.
Europa I 1964	274,000 (124,265)	1 2 3	LO2/Kerosene N2O4/UDMH N2O4/UDMH+N2H4	302,085 (137,000) 59,535 (27,000) 5,250 (2,380)	Derived from Blue Streak LRBM. Payload into CEO 2,000 lb (907 kg). 3 launches from Woomera--failed.
Europa II 1971	246,000 (111,565)	1 2 3 4	LO2/Kerosene N2O4/UDMH N2O4/UDMH+N2H4 Solid	302,085 (137,000) 59,535 (27,000) 5,250 (2,380) 9,260 (4,200)	Payload into CEO 2,526 lb (1,150 kg); into GO 375 lb (170 kg). One satellite from Kourou--failed. Project abandoned.
FRANCE
Diamant A 1965	39,625 (17,970)	1 2 3	Nitirc Acid/Turps Solid Solid	66,150 (30,000) 33,075 (15,000) 11,685 (5,300)	Launched Asterix, etc. Payload into CEO 176 lb (80 kg).
Diamant B 1970	55,000 (24,945)	1 2 3	N2O4/UDMH Solid Solid	77,175 (35,000) 31,970 (14,500) 11,025 (5,000)	Launched DIAL, People and D2. Payload into 186 mile (300 km) EO 353 lb (160 kg).
Diamant BP4 1975	60,640 (27,500)	1 2 3	N2O4/UDMH Solid Solid	88,200 (40,000) 39,690 (18,000) 11,025 (5,000)	Launched Starlette, Pollus and Castor, Aura. Payload into 186 mile (300 km) EO 441 lb (200 kg). Program ended after three launches, 1975.
INDIA
Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV) 3 1979	37,300 (16,900)	1 2 3 4	Solid Solid Solid Solid	140,000 (63,500) 60,000 (27,300) 20,000 (9,200) 6,000 (2,700)	First satellite orbited in 1980 after failure in 1979. 92 lb (42 kg) to 45 deg 280-620 miles (450-1,000 km). Third flight partial failure, final flight (1983) success.
Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV) 1987	86,000 (39,000)	1 2 3 4 5	Solid Solid Solid Solid Solid	265,000 (120,300) 158,000 (71,600) 68,000 (31,000) 20,000 (9,200) 7,900 (3,600)	Launch attempts in 1987 and 1988 failed and program suspended. 330 lb (150 kg) to 45 deg 248 miles (400 km).
Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) 1993	606,300 (275,000)	0 1 2 3 4	Solid Solid N2O4/UDMH Solid N2O4/MMH	796,000 (361,000) 1,093,000 (495,600) 130,000 (60,000) 73,900 (33,500) 3,100 (1,400)	2,205 lb (1,000 kg) to polar 559 mile (900 km) orbit. Might be adapted for GO missions.
ISRAEL
Shavit 1988	N/A	1 2 3	Solid Solid Solid	N/A N/A N/A	Very little data available; derived from Jerico 2 missle. Launched Offeq 1, mass 344 lb (156 kg), into a 143 deg 155-715 mile (250-1,150 km) retrograde orbit.
JAPAN
Lambda-4S 1970	20,905 (9,480)	0 1 2 3 4	Solid Solid Solid Solid Solid	42,777 (19,400) 81,585 (37,000) 26,460 (12,000) 15,435 (7,000) 1,764 (800)	First Japanese satellite launcher. Launched Ohsumi, etc. Payload into CEO 53 lb (24 kg).
Mu-4S 1971	96,140 (43,600)	0 1 2 3 4	Solid Solid Solid Solid Solid	174,635 (79,200) 161,850 (73,400) 62,840 (28,500) 27,340 (12,400) 4,190 (1,900)	Launched Tansei 1, etc. Payload into CEO 507 lb (230 kg).
Mu-3C 1974	91,730 (41,600)	0 1 2 3	Solid Solid Solid Solid	171,110 (77,600) 165,375 (75,000) 62,620 (28,400) 12,790 (5,800)	Launched Tansei 2, etc. Payload into CEO 430 lb (195 kg).
Mu-3H 1977	107,385 (48,700)	0 1 2 3	Solid Solid Solid Solid	171,110 (77,600) 214,545 (97,300) 62,620 (28,400) 12,790 (5,800)	Launched Tansei 3, etc. Payload into CEO 595 lb (270 kg).
Mu-3S-I 1981	107,825 (48,900)	0 1 2 3	Solid Solid Solid Solid	171,110 (77,600) 229,320 (104,000) 62,620 (28,400) 13,010 (5,900)	Launched Tansei 4, ASTRO-A, etc. Payload into CEO 573 lb (260 kg).
Mu-3S-II 1984	134,505 (61,000)	0 1 2 3	Solid Solid Solid Solid	67,060 (30,414) 252,000 (114,285) 116,775 (52,960) 26,550 (12,040)	Major uprating of Mu-3S. Payload into 124 mile (200 km) CO 1,544 lb (700 kg); into solar orbit 331 lb (150 kg).
N-I 1975	199,025 (90,260)	0 1 2 3	Solid LO2/RJ-1 N2O4/Aerozine 50 Solid	156,575 (71,000) 169,785 (77,000) 11,905 (5,400) 8,820 (4,000)	Based on license-built Thor. Launched Kiku, etc. Payload into 186 mile (300 km) CO 2,646 lb (1,200 kg); into GO 287 lb (130 kg).
N-II 1981	297,675 (135,000)	0 1 2 3	Solid LO2/RJ-1 N2O4/Aerozine 50 Solid	470,325 (213,300) 169,785 (77,000) 9,700 (4,400) 14,995 (6,800)	Launched ETS-4, etc. Payload into GO 772 lb (350 kg).
H-I 1986	308,400 (139,900)	0 1 2 3	Solid LO2/RJ-1 LO2/LH2 Solid	331,000 (150,000?) 194,000 (88,000) 23,150 (10,500) 17,400 (7,900)	Derived from the N-I/N-II vehicles; four successful flights during 1986-88 with five further flights in 1989-92. 1,215 lb (550 kg) to GTO.
H-II 1994	586,400 (266,000)	0 1 2	Solid LO2/LH2 LO2/LH2	749,600 (340,000?) 264,600 (120,000) 26,500 (12,000)	Large booster under development in same class as Ariane 5 and Proton. 22,000 lb (10,000 kg) to 30 deg 186 miles (300 km), 8,800 lb (4,000 kg) to GTO.
UNITED KINGDOM
Black Arrow 1969	40,000 (18,140)	1 2 3	HTP/Kerosene HTP/Kerosene Solid	52,075 (23,615) 15,750 (7,145) 4,927 (2,235)	Launched X-3 Prospero 145.5 lb (66 kg). Payload into low PO 242 lb (110 kg). Project cancelled 1971.
UNITED STATES
Athena 1 1995	146,260 (66,345)	1 2	Solid Solid	400,000 (181,400) 43,250 (19,620)	Formerly LMLV 1.
Athena 2 1998	264,880 (120,150)	1 2 3	Solid Solid Solid	400,000 (181,400) 361,000 (163,700) 43,250 (19,620)	Formerly LMLV 2.
Atlas (Score) 1958	244,000 (110,660)	0 1	LO2/RP-1 LO2/RP-1	330,000 (149,660) 59,000 (26,755)	Launched Score active communications experiment.
Atlas-Able 1959	260,000 (117,915)	0 1 2 3	LO2/RP-1 LO2/RP-1 IWFNA/UDMH Solid	330,000 (149,660) 59,000 (26,755) 7,500 (3,400) 3,100 (1,405)	Derived from Atlas D ICBM plus Able stages from Vanguard launcher. Launched early Pioneer spacecraft, all three were failures.
Atlas-Agena A 1960	273,000 (123,810)	0 1 2	LO2/RP-1 LO2/RP-1 IRFNA/UDMH	330,000 (149,660) 59,000 (26,755) 10,110 (4,585)	Used in both Midas and Samos programs.
Atlas-Agena B 1961	275,000 (124,715)	0 1 2	LO2/RP-1 LO2/RP-1 IRFNA/UDMH	330,000 (149,660) 59,000 (26,755) 15,000 (6,800)	Various programs including Midas and Ranger. Payload into 300 mile (483 km) CO 5,000 lb (2,268 kg).
Atlas-Agena D 1963	274,965 (124,700)	0 1 2	LO2/RP-1 LO2/RP-1 IRFNA/UDMH	330,000 (149,660) 59,000 (26,755) 16,000 (7,255)	Various civil and military programs; reconnaissance and surveillance; Mariner 4, 5, Ranger 7, Lunar Orbiter, GETV, ATDA, etc.
Atlas-Burner 2 1968	286,440 (129,905)	0 1 2	LO2/RP-1 LO2/RP-1 Solid	370,000 (167,800) 59,000 (26,755) 8,800 (3,990)	Launched DSMP payloads, STP72-1 Radcat, etc. Burner 2A used post-1971; for data on that vehicle see Thor-Burner 2A.
Atlas-Centaur 1962	300,000+ (136,055+)	0 1 2	LO2/RP-1 LO2/RP-1 LO2/LH2	367,000 (166,440) 59,000 (26,755) 30,000 (13,605)	Originally designed to launch Advent comsat inot GO. Later developed to launch Surveyor lunar soft-landing spacecraft.
Atlas F 1977	262,500 (119,050)	0 1 2	LO2/RP-1 LO2/RP-1 Solid	330,000 (149,660) 59,000 (26,755) 14,330 (6,500)	Modified Atlas ICBM (1961). Launched Navstar, NOAA-7, Tiros-N, military payloads. Payload into 342 mile (560 km) orbit 3,307 lb (1,500 kg).
Atlas I 1990	361,300 (163,900)	1 2	LO2/RP-1 LO2/LH2	437,800 (198,600) 33,100 (15,000)	First of the new commercial Atlas series. 13,000 lb (5,900 kg) to LEO, 5,160 lb (2,340 kg) to GTO, and 3,350 lb (1,520 kg) to escape.
Atlas II 1991	412,600 (187,170)	1 2	LO2/RP-1 LO2/LH2	468,300 (212,400) 33,500 (15,200)	14,950 lb (6,780 kg) to LEO, 6,100 lb (2,770 kg) to GTO, and 4,280 lb (1,940 kg) to escape.
Atlas IIA 1992	412,900 (187,310)	1 2	LO2/RP-1 LO2/LH2	468,000 (212,300) 40,600 (18,400)	15,700 lb (7,120 kg) to LEO, 6,390 lb (2,900 kg) to GTO, and 4,630 lb (2,100 kg) to escape.
Atlas IIAS 1993	524,850 (238,070)	0 1 2	Solid LO2/RP-1 LO2/LH2	390,000 (176,900) 476,600 (216,200) 44,600 (20,230)	19,000 lb (8,618 kg) to LEO and 8,200 lb (3,719 kg) to GTO.
Atlas IIIA 2000	489,840 (222,190)	1 2	LO2/RP-1 LO2/LH2	860,400 (390,300) 22,300 (10,115)	19,150 lb (8,686 kg) to LEO and 8,950 lb (4,060 kg) to GTO.
Atlas IIIB 2002	500,270 (226,920)	1 2	LO2/RP-1 LO2/LH2	860,400 (390,300) 44,600 (20,230)	23,720 lb (10,759 kg) to LEO and 9,920 lb (4,500 kg) to GTO.
Atlas V 401 2002	739,810 (335,575)	1 2	LO2/RP-1 LO2/LH2	860,400 (390,300) 22,300 (10,115)	10,913 lb (4,950 kg) to GTO.
Atlas V 521 2003	953,440 (432,478)	0 1 2	Solid LO2/RP-1 LO2/LH2	510,810 (231,700) 860,400 (390,300) 22,300 (10,115)	13,856 lb (6,285 kg) to GTO.
Delta B DSV-3B 1962	114,170 (51,780)	1 2 3	LO2/RJ-1 IRFNA/UDMH Solid	172,000 (78,005) 7,575 (3,435) 2,760 (1,250)	Launched Relay 1, Syncom 1, Explorer 17, Telstar 2, etc. Payload into 300 mile (483 km) orbit 500 lb (227 kg).
Delta D DSV-3D 1964	143,325 (65,000)	0 1 2 3	Solid LO2/RJ-1 IRFNA/UDMH Solid	156,775 (71,100) 175,075 (79,400) 7,715 (3,500) 2,755 (1,250)	Launched Syncom 2, Early Bird. Payload into GO 230 lb (104 kg).
Delta E DSV-3E 1965	149,940 (68,000)	0 1 2 3	Solid LO2/RJ-1 IRFNA/UDMH Solid	156,775 (71,100) 175,075 (79,400) 7,805 (3,540) 2,755 (1,250)	Launched Explorer 29, Pioneer 6, ESSA 2,3,4,5, etc. Payload into GTO 441 lb (200 kg).
Delta 1000 Config. 1913 1972	295,470 (134,000)	0 1 2 3	Solid LO2/RJ-1 N2O4/Aerozine 50 Solid	470,325 (213,300) 175,075 (79,400) 9,810 (4,450) 9,505 (4,310)	This series introduced the 'Straight Eight' Deltas. Config. 1913 launched Explorer 49, etc.
Delta 2000 Config. 2914 1974	293,100 (132,925)	0 1 2 3	Solid LO2/RJ-1 N2O4/Aerozine 50 Solid	470,325 (213,300) 205,065 (93,000) 9,810 (4,450) 14,995 (6,800)	Launced SMS, Westar, Anik, etc. Payload into GTO 1,550 lb (703 kg).
Delta 3914 1975	420,269 (190,560)	0 1 2 3	Solid LO2/RP-1 N2O4/Aerozine 50 Solid	766,015 (347,400) 205,065 (93,000) 9,810 (4,450) 14,995 (6,800)	Launched Satcom 1, etc. Payload into GTO 2,050 lb (030 kg).
Delta 3910 1980	418,000 (189,570)	0 1 2	Solid LO2/RP-1 N2O4/Aerozine 50	766,015 (347,400) 205,065 (93,000) 9,810 (4,450)	Launched SMM. Payload into low CO 5,500 lb (2,494 kg); into SSPO 2,985 lb (1,354 kg).
Delta 3920/PAM 1982	426,000 (193,200)	0 1 2 3	Solid LO2/RP-1 N2O4/Aerozine 50 Solid	766,015 (347,400) 205,065 (93,000) 9,810 (4,450) 18,500 (8,390)	Launched Landsat 4, Anik D, etc. Upgraded 3910 with improved 2nd stage injector and larger tanks. Payload into GTO 2,750 lb (1,247 kg).
Delta II 6920 1989	477,500 (216,600)	0 1 2	Solid LO2/RP-1 N2O4/Aerozine 50	978,200 (443,700) 231,700 (105,100) 9,700 (4,400)	8,781 lb (3,983 kg) to 28.7 deg 115 miles (185 km), 6,669 lb (3,025 kg) to 90 deg 115 miles (185 km), 5,659 lb (2,567 kg) to 98.7 deg 518 miles (833 km). Can also use PAMs for GO missions.
Delta II 7920 1990	502,900 (228,100)	0 1 2	Solid LO2/RP-1 N2O4/Aerozine 50	998,000 (452,700) 237,000 (107,500) 9,700 (4,400)	11,109 lb (5,039 kg) to 28.7 deg 115 miles (185 km), 8,419 lb (3,819 kg) to 90 deg 115 miles (185 km), 7,000 lb (3,175 kg) to 98.7 deg 518 miles (833 km). Can also use PAMs for GO missions.
Delta III 1998	664,580 (301,450)	0 1 2	Solid LO2/RP-1 LO2/LH2	1,230,300 (558,060) 244,100 (110,720) 24,750 (11,230)	18,280 lb (8,290 kg) to 28.7 deg 115 miles (185 km), 14,920 lb (6,770 kg) to 90 deg 124 miles (200 km), 13,450 lb (6,100 kg) to 98.6 deg 497 miles (800 km), and 8,400 lb (3,810 kg) to GTO.
Delta IV Medium 2003	550,000 (249,500)	1 2	LO2/LH2 LO2/LH2	650,000 (294,840) 24,750 (11,230)	20,075 lb (9,106 kg) to to 28.7 deg 253 miles (407 km), 9,327 lb (4,231 kg) to GTO, 6,905 lb (3,132 kg) to Moon, and 5,173 lb (2,347 kg) to Mars.
Delta IV Medium+ 4,2 2002	645,350 (292,730)	0 1 2	Solid LO2/LH2 LO2/LH2	273,400 (124,000) 650,000 (294,840) 24,750 (11,230)	27,116 lb (12,300 kg) to to 28.7 deg 253 miles (407 km), 13,098 lb (5,941 kg) to GTO, 9,798 lb (4,445 kg) to Moon, and 7,640 lb (3,465 kg) to Mars.
Delta IV Heavy 2004	1,618,000 (733,400)	0 1 2	LO2/LH2 LO2/LH2 LO2/LH2	1,300,000 (589,680) 650,000 (294,840) 24,750 (11,230)	48,264 lb (21,892 kg) to to 28.7 deg 253 miles (407 km), 28,124 lb (12,757 kg) to GTO, 21,949 lb (9,956 kg) to Moon, and 17,648 lb (8,005 kg) to Mars.
Gemini-Titan II 1964	340,000 (154,200)	1 2	N2O4/Aerozine 50 N2O4/Aerozine 50	430,000 (195,010) 100,000 (45,350)	Modified ICBM. Launched Gemini two-man spacecraft into CEO.
Juno I 1958	64,000 (29,025)	1 2 3 4	LO2/Hydyne Solid Solid Solid	83,000 (37,640) 16,500 (7,485) 5,400 (2,450) 1,800 (816)	Derived from Jupiter C (started under NRL 'Orbiter' Project). Launched Explorer 1, 3 and 4.
Juno II 1958	122,000 (55,330)	1 2 3 4	LO2/RP-1 Solid Solid Solid	150,000 (68,025) 16,500 (7,485) 5,400 (2,450) 1,800 (816)	Derived from Jupiter IRBM and Jupiter C upper stages. Launched Pioneer 3 & 4, etc. Payload into 300 mile (483 km) orbit 100 lb (45 kg).
Mercury-Redstone 1961	66,000 (29,930)	1	LO2/Ethanol+Water	78,000 (35,375)	Derived from Redstone MRBM. Launched Shepard and Grissom.
Mercury-Atlas 1962	260,000 (117,915)	0 1	LO2/RP-1 LO2/RP-1	367,000 (166,440) 59,000 (26,755)	Derived from Atlas D ICBM. Launched first U.S. astronaunts into Earth orbit.
Pegasus/B-52 1989	40,600 (18,400)	1 2 3	Solid Solid Solid	112,000 (50,800) 28,000 (12,700) 9,000 (4,100)	Carried to altitude by B-52 and then separates and continues to orbit. 595 lb (270 kg) to polar 286 mile (460 km) orbit.
Saturn I 1961	1,122,000 (508,845)	1 2	LO2/RP-1 LO2/LH2	1,504,000 (682,085) 90,000 (40,815)	Used for R&D. Data relate to SA-5 which put 37,900 lb (17,190 kg) into EO.
Saturn IB 1966	1,295,000 (587,300)	1 2	LO2/RP-1 LO2/LH2	1,640,000 (743,765) 225,000 (102,040)	Launched Apollo 7, Skylab and ASTP astronaunts. 40,000 lb (18,140 kg) to EO.
Saturn V/Apollo 1967	6,423,000 (2,912,925)	1 2 3	LO2/RP-1 LO2/LH2 LO2/LH2	7,650,000 (3,469,390) 1,150,000 (521,540) 238,000 (107,935)	Launched Apollo astronaunts to the Moon.
Saturn V/Skylab 1973	6,222,000 (2,821,770)	1 2	LO2/RP-1 LO2/LH2	7,723,726 (3,502,820) 1,125,000 (510,205)	Launched Skylab space station into Earth orbit.
Scout 1960	36,600 (16,600)	1 2 3 4	Solid Solid Solid Solid	115,000 (52,155) 50,000 (22,675) 13,600 (6,170) 3,000 (1,360)	Launched Explorer 9 & 13, etc. Payload into 300 mile (483 km) CO 150 lb (68 kg).
Scout D 1972	47,000 (21,315)	1 2 3 4	Solid Solid Solid Solid	108,300 (49,115) 63,200 (28,660) 28,500 (12,925) 5,900 (2,675)	Launched Meteoroid Technology Satellite, SAS-B, UK-6, etc. Payload into 300 mile (483 km) CO 390 lb (177 kg).
Space Shuttle 1981	4,500,000 (2,040,815)	0 1	Solid LO2/LH2 + N2O4/MMH	5,300,000 (2,403,630) 1,410,000 (639,455) 12,000 (5,440)	Max payload into CEO, due East launch Cape Canaveral, 65,000 lb (29,478 kg). First flight (STS-1) 12-Apr-81.
Thor-Able 1958	114,660 (52,000)	1 2 3	LO2/RJ-1 IRFNA/UDMH Solid	150,000 (68,025) 7,575 (3,435) 2,760 (1,250)	Launched first Pioneer Moon probes. Derived from Thor IRBM with modified Vanguard second stage.
Thor-Able Star 1960	117,900 (53,470)	1 2	LO2/RJ-1 IRFNA/UDMH	172,000 (78,005) 7,730 (3,505)	Launched Transit, Courier, etc. Payload into 300 mile (483 km) CO 1,000 lb (454 kg).
Thor-Agena A 1959	117,000 (53,060)	1 2	LO2/RJ-1 IRFNA/UDMH	150,000 (68,025) 15,500 (7,030)	Launched early Discoverers. Payload into 300 mile (483 km) CO 300 lb (136 kg).
Thor-Agena B 1960	123,040 (55,800)	1 2	LO2/RJ-1 IRFNA/UDMH	172,000 (78,025) 16,000 (7,255)	Discoverer series. Payload into 300 mile (483 km) CO 1,600 lb (726 kg).
Thor-Agena D 1962	123,040 (55,800)	1 2	LO2/RJ-1 IRFNA/UDMH	172,000 (78,025) 16,000 (7,255)	Various military and civil programs.
Thor-Burner 2A 1971	N/A	1 2 3	LO2/RJ-1 Solid Solid	172,000 (78,005) 10,000 (4,535) 8,800 (3,990)	Launched DMSP. Thor-Burner 1 used an Altair motor. Thor-Burner 2 omitted the third stage.
Titan 2G 1988	345,000 (156,500)	1 2	N2O4/Aerozine 50 N2O4/Aerozine 50	430,000 (195,000) 100,000 (45,350)	Titan missle adapted for satellite launch vehicle. 4,850 lb (2,200 kg) to polar 115 mile (185 km) orbit.
Titan IIIA 1964	407,925 (185,000)	1 2 3	N2O4/Aerozine 50 N2O4/Aerozine 50 N2O4/Aerozine 50	430,000 (195,000) 100,000 (45,350) 16,000 (7,255)	Launched LES-1,2, radar calibration satellite. Payload into 100 mile (161 km) EO 3,300 lb (1,497 kg).
Titan IIIB-Agena 1966	454,450 (206,100)	1 2 3	N2O4/Aerozine 50 N2O4/Aerozine 50 IRFNA/UDMH	463,200 (210,070) 101,000 (45,805) 16,800 (7,620)	Launched various payloads. Payload into 100 mile (161 km) EO 8,550 lb (3,877 kg).
Titan IIIC 1965	1,392,000 (631,290)	0 1 2 3	Solid N2O4/Aerozine 50 N2O4/Aerozine 50 N2O4/Aerozine 50	2,360,000 (1,070,295) 532,000 (241,270) 101,000 (45,805) 16,000 (7,255)	Launched IDCSP, Vela, DSCS, ATS-6, etc. Payload into 100 mile (161 km) EO 29,600 lb (13,425 kg); into GO 3,600 lb (1,633 kg).
Titan IIID 1971	1,300,000 (589,570)	0 1 2	Solid N2O4/Aerozine 50 N2O4/Aerozine 50	2,360,000 (1,070,295) 532,000 (241,270) 101,000 (45,805)	Launched 'Big Bird', KH-11, etc. Payload into PO 13,000 lb (5,895 kg).
Titan IIIE-Centaur 1974	1,411,200 (640,000)	0 1 2 3	Solid N2O4/Aerozine 50 N2O4/Aerozine 50 LO2/LH2	2,361,000 (1,070,750) 530,000 (240,360) 101,000 (45,805) 30,000 (13,605)	Launched Helios, Viking, Voyager, etc. Payload into GO 7,400 lb (3,356 kg); to Venus or Mars 8,400 lb (3,809 kg); to outer planets 500-1,750 lb (227-749 kg).
Titan 34D 1982	1,724,530 (782,100)	0 1 2 3 4	Solid N2O4/Aerozine 50 N2O4/Aerozine 50 Solid Solid	2,498,000 (1,132,880) 532,000 (241,270) 101,000 (45,805) 62,000 (28,120) 26,000 (11,790)	Launched DSCS 2 and other military missions. Payload into 100 mile (161 km) EO 27,500 lb (12,470 kg); into GO 4,200 lb (1,905 kg).
Titan III (Commercial) 1990	1,500,000 (680,000)	0 1 2	Solid N2O4/Aerozine 50 N2O4/Aerozine 50	2,792,000 (1,266,600) 1,092,200 (495,400) 104,100 (47,200)	Latest Titan III variant. Can carry two payloads totalling 31,600 lb (14,334 kg) or a single payload of 32,500 lb (14,742 kg) to 28.6 deg, 92-161 mile (148-259 km) orbit. Can also carry IUS or PAMs with payloads for GTO/GSO missions.
Titan III-T 1992	1,532,000 (695,000)	0 1 2 3	Solid N2O4/Aerozine 50 N2O4/Aerozine 50 N2O4/Aerozine 50	2,792,000 (1,266,600) 1,092,200 (495,400) 104,100 (47,200) 32,200 (14,600)	Titan III plus Transtage. Can place single 10,200 lb (4,626 kg) payload or two payloads totalling 9,500 lb (4,309 kg) into GTO or 2,100 lb (952 kg) into GSO.
Titan IV 1989	1,760,000 (800,000)	0 1 2	Solid N2O4/Aerozine 50 N2O4/Aerozine 50	3,567,000 (1,618,000) 1,100,000 (498,000) 106,000 (48,000)	Growth version of Titan 34D. 39,000 lb (17,700 kg) to 28.6 deg LEO or 32,000 lb (14,500 kg) to polar LEO. Can fly GTO/GSO or escape missions using Centaur or IUS.
Vanguard 1958	22,600 (10,250)	1 2 3	LO2/Kerosene IWFNA/UDMH Solid	28,000 (12,700) 7,500 (3,400) 3,100 (1,405)	First orbital attempt (TV3) failed. TV4 launched Vanguard 1 test satellite.
SOVIET UNION - RUSSIA - UKRAINE
A (SL-1) 1957	588,735 (267,000)	0 1	LO2/Kerosene LO2/Kerosene	877,590 (398,000) 205,065 (93,000)	Derived from R.7 ICBM, SS-6 Sapwood. Launched Sputniks 1, 2 and 3. Dry weight 48,510 lb (22,000 kg).
A-1 (SL-3) 1959	615,195 (279,000)	0 1 2	LO2/Kerosene LO2/Kerosene LO2/Kerosene	899,500 (408,000) 211,600 (96,000) 11,025 (5,000)	Launched Luna 1, 2 and 3. Additional Luna payloads were launched but went off course. Dry weight 52,920 lb (24,000 kg).
A-1 (SL-3, Vostok) 1959	639,300 (290,000)	0 1 2	LO2/Kerosene LO2/Kerosene LO2/Kerosene	899,500 (408,000) 211,000 (96,000) 12,300 (5,600)	Carried first man into space (1961), now rarely used for SSO missions. 11,000 lb (5,000 kg) to LEO, 4,050 lb (1,840 kg) to 98 deg 404 miles (650 km), 2,540 lb (1,150 kg) to 99 deg 572 miles (920 km).
A-2 (SL-4, Soyuz) 1963	676,800 (307,000)	0 1 2	LO2/Kerosene LO2/Kerosene LO2/Kerosene	899,500 (408,000) 211,600 (96,000) 66,100 (30,000)	Carries manned Soyuz, Soyuz-T, Soyuz-TM craft and Progress ferries, as well as reconnaissance satellites. 16,500 lb (7,500 kg) to 51.6 deg 124 miles (200 km), 15,200 lb (6,900 kg) to 50.5 deg 124-280 miles (200-450 km).
A-2-e (SL-6 Molniya) 1960	679,000 (308,000)	0 1 2 3	LO2/Kerosene LO2/Kerosene LO2/Kerosene LO2/Kerosene	899,500 (408,000) 211,600 (96,000) 66,100 (30,000) 14,800 (6,700)	Molniya and early warning missions. 4,400 lb (2,000 kg) to 63 deg 310-24,200 miles (500-39,000 km), 3,750 lb (1,700 kg) to the Moon, 2,760 lb (1,250 kg) to Mars or Venus.
B-1 (SL-7) 1962	94,815 (43,000)	1 2	IRFNA/Kerosene LO2/UDMH	158,760 (72,000) 24,255 (11,000)	Derived from SS-4 Sandal MRBM. Launched Cosmos and Intercosmos family.
C-1 (SL-8, Cosmos) 1964	275,600 (125,000)	1 2	Nitric Acid/UDMH N2O4/UDMH	388,000 (176,000) 33,000 (15,000)	First stage derived from SS-5/Skean. 2,800 lb (1,250 kg) to LEO from Kapustin Yar, 1,800 lb (810 kg) to 83 deg 620 miles (1,000 km) from Plesetsk.
D (SL-9) 1965	1,313,000 (595,500)	1 2	N2O4/UDMH N2O4/UDMH	2,355,000 (1,068,000) 529,000 (240,000)	Launched Proton 1, 2 and 3, all 26,900 lb (12,200 kg). Rumored launch failure in early 1966.
D-1 (SL-13, Proton 3-stage variant) 1968	1,540,000 (700,000)	1 2 3	N2O4/UDMH N2O4/UDMH N2O4/UDMH	2,355,000 (1,068,000) 529,000 (240,000) 141,000 (64,000)	Two stage Proton flew four times during 1965-1966 (one failure). Three stage variant used for Salyut series, 41,700-43,920 lb (18,900-19,920 kg), Mir core 46,100 lb (20,900 kg) and Mir modules 45,400 lb (20,600 lb) to 51.6 deg 130-155 miles (210-250 km).
D-1-e (SL-12, Proton 4-stage variant) 1967	1,540,000 (700,000)	1 2 3 4	N2O4/UDMH N2O4/UDMH N2O4/UDMH LO2/Kerosene	2,355,000 (1,068,000) 529,000 (240,000) 141,000 (64,000) 19,200 (8,700)	Three stage Proton with fourth stage (Block-D, now Block-DM) added. 4,675 lb (2,120 kg) to GTO, 10,250 lb (4,650 kg) to Mars, 11,685 lb (5,300 kg) to Venus and 12,630 lb (5,730 kg) to the Moon.
F-1-r, F-1-m (SL-11, Tsyklon 2-stage variant) 1966	400,000 (180,000)	1 2	N2O4/UDMH N2O4/UDMH	617,000 (280,000) 198,400 (90,000)	Ocean surveillance, ASAT and FOBS missions. 8,800 lb (4,000 kg) to 65 deg 155-165 miles (250-265 km).
F-2 (SL-14, Tsyklon 3-stage variant) 1977	440,000 (200,000)	1 2 3	N2O4/UDMH N2O4/UDMH N2O4/UDMH	617,000 (280,000) 198,400 (90,000) 17,900 (8,100)	Meteorological, oceanographic and minor military payloads. 8,800 (4,000 kg) to LEO, 2,870 lb (1,300 kg) to 82.6 deg 746 miles (1,200 km).
G-1-e (SL-15, Soviet name N-1) 1969	5,914,200 (2,682,650)	1 2 3 4	LO2/Kerosene LO2/Kerosene LO2/Kerosene LO2/Kerosene	9,733,000 (4,415,000) 3,156,000 (1,432,000) 362,000 (164,000) 100,000 (45,500)	Super-booster for manned lunar flight. Launch failures 21-Feb and 3-Jul-69; 2 more failures 27-Jun-71 and 23-Nov-72. Three stages to Earth orbit, plus a fourth escape stage.
J-1 (SL-16, Zenit) 1985	1,014,000 (460,000)	1 2	LO2/Kerosene LO2/Kerosene	1,779,000 (807,000) 205,000 (93,000)	Medium lift launch vehicle; 30,290 lb (13,740 kg) to 51.6 deg 124 mile (200 km) orbit from Baikonur.
K-1 (SL-17, Energiya) 1987	5,290,000 (2,400,000)	0 1	LO2/Kerosene LO2/LH2	7,108,000 (3,224,000) 1,764,000 (800,000)	Heavy lift launch vehicle, first flown 15-May-87. Can theoretically place 309,000 lb (140,000 kg) into 51.6 deg 152-158 mile (245-255 km) orbit.
K-1 (Energiya, 3-stage variant)	4,630,000 (2,100,000)	0 1 2	LO2/Kerosene LO2/LH2 LO2/Kerosene	7,108,000 (3,224,000) 1,764,000 (800,000) 441,000 (200,000)	39,700 lb (18,000 kg) to GTO, 61,700 lb (28,000 kg) to Mars and Venus, 70,500 lb (32,000 kg) to the Moon.
K-1 (Energiya, 2 strap-on variant)	3,836,000 (1,740,000)	0 1	LO2/Kerosene LO2/LH2	3,554,000 (1,612,000) 1,764,000 (800,000)	Standard Energiya, but with only two strap-on boosters; 143,300 lb (65,000 kg) to 51.6 deg 124 mile (200 km) orbit.
K-1/VKK (SL-17, Energiya/Shuttle) 1988	4,630,000 (2,100,000)	0 1	LO2/Kerosene LO2/LH2	7,108,000 (3,224,000) 1,764,000 (800,000)	First flight with Buran shuttle orbiter 15-Nov-88. Orbiter maximum mass 231,500 lb (105,000 kg); payload 66,100 lb (30,000 kg) to 51.6 deg 155 miles (250 km).

Compiled and edited by Robert A. Braeunig, 1996, 2005.
Bibliography